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Catherine and others have shared some very helpful and important points here.
A few things I’d like add Patrick, @Pkoh

One of the most important things is for the family to get TIME in their favor by NOT overwhelming the dog on walks or in other situations. Opportunities to give the dog MORE time and space are going to come up over and over – and how those are handled will make a difference in one direction or another. For walks, this may mean just going straight to a quiet yard at first if that is an option and then gradually exploring the sides or front of the house.

Also, this formula can be helpful: longer leash/long line = more choice for the dog = less fear.

Many dogs will at least show some improvement in a stable situation IF they are not forced to do things that make them uncomfortable. That doesn’t mean the dog will make huge changes, but little imperceptible changes can add up over time if the dogs’ discomfort is recognized and the dog is given space and time when he needs it. That’s NOT easy for most adults, let alone kids, and it may not be what this family was looking for, but that is the reality when dealing with a fearful dog.

Finally, IF the dog loves other dogs – a “helper dog” walking buddy can be a difference maker.